Most of the popular protocol is borrowed from a clinical population and applied to healthy people without comment.

You have two changes at once here. You cannot attribute anything until one of them moves.

Worth asking what specifically was measured. Pain scores move with mood and function does not. How long have you been on kratom?

“Registered with” is doing an enormous amount of work in that sentence. Side effects was my main issue with UPS too.

The pain score conversation is thirty seconds of my life I will never get back, every time.

Worth asking what specifically was measured. Pain scores move with mood and function does not.

A plausible mechanism is not an outcome, and this class is the textbook example.